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Textbook Wars, Cultures Clash Over Education in Appalachia, Then and Now

A young girl protests the new textbooks in Kanawha County, W.Va. in 1974
Charleston Newspapers
A young girl protests the new textbooks in Kanawha County, W.Va. in 1974
A young girl protests the new textbooks in Kanawha County, W.Va. in 1974
Credit Charleston Newspapers
A young girl protests the new textbooks in Kanawha County, W.Va. in 1974

What should children learn in school? It’s a question that’s stirred debate for decades, and in 1974 it led to violent protests in West Virginia. People planted bombs in schools, shot at buses, and shut down coal mines. This week on Inside Appalachia, we feature Charleston native Trey Kay, the host of Us and Them.

In 1974, Kanawha County was one of the first battlegrounds in the American culture wars. Controversy erupted over newly-adopted school textbooks. School buildings were hit by dynamite and Molotov cocktails, buses were riddled with bullets, journalists were beaten and surrounding coal mines were shut down by protesting miners.

Listen to the gripping tale of how textbooks drove a community in West Virginia apart during the 1970s

Textbook opponents believed the books were teaching their children to question their authority, traditional values and the existence of God.

Textbook supporters said children needed to be exposed to a wide variety of beliefs and experiences, and taught to make their own decisions.

Protesters during the Kanawha County Textbook War
Credit Charleston Newspapers
Protesters during the Kanawha County Textbook War

This version of The Great Textbook War was originally produced by American Radio Works.  This documentary was funded by the West Virginia Humanities Council. It was honored with George Foster Peabody, Edward R. Murrow and DuPont/Columbia awards.

Protester of the Kanawha County textbooks in 1974
Credit Charleston Newspapers
Protester of the Kanawha County textbooks in 1974

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We'd love to hear from you.  Send us a tweet to @InAppalachia. You can also talk with our host, Jessica Lilly, at JessicaYLilly, and our producer, Roxy Todd, at RoxyMTodd. You can also send us an email at: feedback@wvpublic.org.

Copyright 2015 West Virginia Public Broadcasting

Jessica Lilly
Jessica Lilly covers southern West Virginia for West Virginia Public Radio and can be heard weekdays on West Virginia Morning, the station’s daily radio news program and during afternoon newscasts.
Roxy Todd
Roxy Todd is a reporter and co-producer for Inside Appalachia and has been a reporter for West Virginia Public Broadcasting since 2014. Her stories have aired on NPR’s Morning Edition, All Things Considered, and Marketplace. She’s won several awards, including a regional AP Award for best feature radio story, and also two regional Edward R. Murrow awards for Best Use of Sound and Best Writing for her stories about Appalachian food and culture.
Trey Kay
Radio journalist Trey Kay produced the 2009 radio documentary The Great Textbook War, which was honored with a George Foster Peabody Award, a national Edward R. Murrow Award, and a duPont-Columbia Silver Baton. He also collaborated on a traveling exhibit called Books and Beliefs, a companion piece for documentary. In 2005, Kay shared in another Peabody for his contribution to Studio 360’s “American Icons: Moby Dick” program.